An Importance Of Integrity In Medical Field - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 403 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Integrity Essay Did you like this example? In Amy Andersons insight on integrity is overall true about this world. People usually take it for granted when it shouldnt be. Most people cant hold integrity as much as they should. Integrity is the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles. When working in the medical field, integrity is very important. You want to ensure trust between the public and the healthcare professionals. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Importance Of Integrity In Medical Field" essay for you Create order Integrity in the medical field is viewed as a individual goes beyond what the codes and rules state and sees that acting outside these guidelines will better a patients safety and they view it as the right thing to do. When being apart of the medical field, the people over you hiring you will see your integrity and thats what they look for. Trust is earned and once lost can be hard to get back. Being honest is not easy. It can hurt someones feelings, reveal your weaknesses, and make you vulnerable. Being honest doesnt come naturally to many of us. But being in the medical field, honesty is essential. You dont want to be dishonest about a patient or anything in your life that could affect your job. Patient safety is number one priority in the field. You need to be fully honest with the patients doctors or physicians. If a patient asks you to keep a secret maybe about pain or something. There could be something seriously wrong. You need to do whats right and not lie for your patient. Everything needs to be told to a doctor. Or even someone over you that is taking care of them. As a Patient Care Tech you just need to be aware of the patients wellness and safety. You need to be honest to your patient about there health or procedures that they are gonna be getting in the future. If you are not truthful with your patient, your patient will lose your trust and not want to see you. This can also put your job on the line. So having integrity in the medical field is extremely important. Not just for you but for the others around you. You have to earn the peoples around you trust before moving on. And once the trust is lost. Theres almost a full chance you wont be able to gain that back. In the end, it is important to be honest and do whats right in the medical field.

The Role of Luck and Money in The Rocking Horse Winner

Role of Luck and Money in The Rocking Horse Winner D.H. Lawrences The Rocking Horse Winner is an allegorical tale that explores the relationship of luck and money and how Pauls, the storys protagonist, perception thereof influences his behavior. Through an omniscient point of view, the narrator guides the reader through the events that occur without demonstrating bias and thus establishes the story is intended to teach a lesson. The Rocking Horse Winner explores the complex relationship between Paul and his mother, Hester, because of her attitude towards luck. Through the course of the story, Paul believes he is lucky because of his uncanny ability to win at the track despite him being too young to place bets himself. Pauls obsession with money stems from his mother who has led Paul to believe the family is poor because his father has no luck. As Hester explains to Paul, Well - I suppose [we are poor], she said slowly and bitterly, its because your father has no luck (Lawrence). As the story progresses, it is revealed Hester continuo usly argues with her husband about their financial situation, yet paradoxically, the mother had a small income, and the father had a small income, but not nearly enough for the social position which they had to keep up. The father went into town to some office. But though he had good prospects, these prospects never materialised. There was always the grinding sense of the shortage of money, though the style was always keptShow MoreRelatedFiction Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesPerhaps two of the most intriguing and somewhat tragic short stories is that of D.H. Lawrence’s, â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† and Shirley Jackson’s, â€Å"The Lottery†. With the classic theme of â€Å"luck† and what that means in each story, we see two very different meanings as these two stories unfold. In â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner†, we see the protagonist, Paul, who endlessly searches and somewhat attains luck in his search for his mother’s monetary desire. Within the lines of â€Å"The Lottery†, however, we seeRead MoreThe Rocking Horse Winner Literary Analysis728 Words   |  3 PagesThe Significance of The Rocking Horse Winner (An Analysis of Three Messages From Rocking Horse Winner By D. H Lawrence) D. H Lawrence was the author of The Rocking Horse Winner, which was one of his most famous stories, published in 1926. D.H Lawrence was intrigued with fate and destiny of life. The story was based around a young boy with intense amounts of determination because he felt he had to please his mother. D. H Lawrence expresses the conflict of economics and family, causing issues atRead MoreEssay about D. H. Lawrences The Rocking-Horse Winner1535 Words   |  7 PagesD. H. Lawrences The Rocking-Horse Winner â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† is a short story by D. H. Lawrence in which he creates a criticism of the modernized world’s admiration and desire for material objects. It was published in Harper’s Bazaar magazine in 1926 for the first time (E-Notes). The story’s main character, Hester, is a beautiful woman who is completely consumed by the idea of possession, and so she loses out on the love of family and the happiness of life. Her son, Paul, also learnsRead MoreThe Rocking Horse Winner By. Lawrence1041 Words   |  5 Pagessense of shortage of money† when examining their personal finances (Lawrence 1). D.H Lawrence’s short story, â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† was originally published in July 1926, in a magazine called Harper’s Bazaar. The odd short story includes elements of fables and fantasies presenting morals and somewhat magical powers. Lawrence describes the downfall of an English family who focuses on money and luck rather than love and appreciation. Paul, the only son, searches to find luck to make Hester, hisRead MoreThe Lottery vs. the Rocking-Horse Winner1286 Words   |  6 PagesOutline Title: â€Å"The Lottery vs. The Rocking-Horse Winner† I. Introduction A. In what ways are the two shorts stories by Shirley Jackson and D.H. Lawrence similar and different. B. In â€Å"The Lottery vs. The Rocking-Horse Winner† we are analyzing the similarities and differences in setting from a fictional viewpoint between these two short stories. II. Body A. What are the settings of these two short stories, 1. Where do they take place 2. When do they take place 3. What similarities and differencesRead MoreAnalysis of The Rocking Horse Winner by D.H. Lawrence1723 Words   |  7 PagesJust Keep Rocking Individuals have struggled with ignorance time and time again, and this ignorance can penetrate every aspect of their lives. In the short story by D. H. Lawrence, â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winnerâ€Å", young Paul has to encounter a series of misfortunate events, due to the fact that his beloved ambitious mother is unworthy of the what she has and each circumstance leads him and his family to great distress. With a burden on his shoulders, he will not stop until he gets what his mother desperatelyRead MoreComparing Rocking Horse Winner the Movie and Novel Essay example554 Words   |  3 PagesComparing Rocking Horse Winner the Movie and Novel The short story, Rocking-Horse Winner, and the movie based on it contrast considerably. When the written story has ended the movie continues with ideas, which may not come from the author. Three major differences of the two are: the mother, the father, and the ending. In the movie the mother, Hester, is portrayed as a loving and self-sacrificing person. While in the short story she is exposed to be a cold-hearted, and greedy personRead More Sacrifice in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson and Rocking Horse Winner by D.H. Lawrence957 Words   |  4 Pagesof view of materialism in the Rocking Horse Winner by D.H. Lawrence is the seen from inside the mind of child in the story, Paul. â€Å"He went off by himself, vaguely, in a childish way, seeking for the clue to â€Å"luck,† Absorbed, taking no heed of other people, he went about with a sort stealth, seeking inwardly for luck. He wanted luck, he wanted it, he wanted it.† (Kennedy Gioia, 2013, pp. 237). By riding his rocking horse Paul is able to predict the winner of horse races at the track. He uses thisRead MoreTraditional Sacrifices in The Lottery by Jackson and The Rocking-Horse Winner by Lawrence772 Words   |  4 PagesIn the The Lottery, Jackson told the story from the point of view of a third person narration; whereas, in the The Rocking-Horse Winner, Lawrence narration is written and seen by several characters within the story. Both authors use social elements to bring the stories together with varies symbolic words that outline the conditions within each siting and the element of an individual death, which involves both characters in a conflict between one’s own passion and one’s responsibility. Both storiesRead MoreSummary Of The Rocking Horse Winner 1238 Words   |  5 PagesD.H. Lawrence’s â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† is a captivating dive into the primitive psyche of a mentally disturbed child. Paul has an incredible gift that he desperately wish es his mother, Hester, will notice. Hester does not recognize Paul’s talents and he refuses to quit until she realizes what he can do for her. In Paul’s despair he exhausts his short life in an oedipal flurry of attempts at indulging his mother’s desires for money and sexual fulfilment. Paul experiences an oedipal conflict towards

Ashley’s Dismissal Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Ashleys Dismissal Case Study. Answer: Introduction: This is a case study regarding Ashley who was wrongfully dismissed on suspicion of dishonesty. He had taken a faulty machine returned by a customer to his fathers house for repairing. Instead of the machine being taken to the store and wait for its turn to be repaired, he wanted to experiment and see whether he could repair it. When Ashley was asked to explain, he said that he had asked for permission to repair the machinewhich was a Pasture Tech 100on behalf of the company. He had also purchased parts for repairing the machine, and was going to repair it as soon as he could. Despite this, he was still dismissed. Substantive Issues It was just mere allegations that were not substantiated. When the police inquired about the value of the machine, Jacob Tyler realized that there was no invoice for the machine, and simply suspected Ashley. He reported the case to the supervisor and advised that Ashley should be dismissed. This was done without proper investigations. No employee should be dismissed without substantive evidence on their wrongdoing (Anderson, 2011, p. 123). The decision to dismiss Ashley was made so that the management could demonstrate to the other employees, how they will be dealing with dishonest employees. It was not based on any evidence of wrongdoing on the part of Ashley. The fact that the invoices for the parts intended to be used by Ashley to repair the machine were found in his account, shows that he was not hiding anything. After all, he told the truth and had been granted permission to try repairing the machine. Procedural Issues Even though he had purchased the parts to repair the machine with his own money, the company did not appreciate that, and went ahead to dismiss him. Although a case of theft or dishonesty justifies dismissal and termination of employment, proper procedure should be followed in order to ensure that the employees rights are not violated (Kluwer, 2010, p. 1326). It is true that dishonesty destroys trust and confidence in employees (Limited, 2011, p. 108), but a tribunal should be set up to investigate the alleged dishonesty. Since it has very serious repercussions on both the employee and the company. Since they might end up terminating an employee that would have been a valuable asset to the company. If I were Agtechs manager, I would have: Formed a tribunal or a committee to investigate Ashleys conduct before dismissing him. Investigated the matter without bias to find out the truth. If indeed he was dishonest, I would not dismiss him immediately, but give him a warning. Conclusion In this case, there was no substantive issue to warrant for the dismissal of Ashly. The allegations were based on mere suspicion, and cannot be enough to warrant for the dismissal of an employee (Court, 1983, p. 108). The correct procedure that should have been followed was to form a tribunal, and investigate the allegations. So that the truth would be known, and a just decision madebased on factswhether to dismiss Ashley or not. References Anderson, G. (2011). Labor Law in New Zealand. Kluwer Law International. Court, N. Z. A. (1983). Judgments, Etc. of the Arbitration Court of New Zealand ... Department of labor. Kluwer, W. (2010). Australian Master Human Resources Guide 2010. CCH Australia Limited. Limited, C. A. (2011). McCallums Top Workplace Relations Cases: labor Law and the Employment Relationship as Defined by Case Law. CCH Australia Limited.

Journey of the Magi Essay Example

Journey of the Magi Essay Literary Criticism of ‘Journey of the Magi’ The ‘Journey of the Magi’ is a poem written by T. S. Eliot in 1927. The inspiration for this poem is adapted from the story of the Three Magi who traveled from far away to pay homage to birth of Christ under the guidance of a star. The theme revolves around their search of faith narrated in the point of view of the Magi. The poem has no set rhyme or meter and is constructed in free verse. Unsatisfied and regretful with the times that they have wasted on worldly pleasures of â€Å"the summer palace on slopes, the terraces, and the silken girls bringing sherbet† that they enjoyed, the Magi left their lives of material comforts in order to pursue a quest for spiritual enlightment. Alliteration is used to produce a smooth flowing effect for the readers to feel the attributed sense of this comfort. Throughout the first stanza of the poem, the Magi describe the initial journey to be arduous as they have to face â€Å"the ways deep and the weather sharp† in â€Å"the very dead of winter† (lines 4 and 5). We will write a custom essay sample on Journey of the Magi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Journey of the Magi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Journey of the Magi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The depiction of this season that is often featured in many works of literature is used as a metaphor to represent death, the loss of hope and adverse times. Comparably, the imagery of the season’s characteristic bitter coldness featured in the poem embodies the sense of hardship that the Magi have to undertake to reach their destination. In the sixth and seventh lines, the â€Å"galled, sore-footed, refractory† state of the camels, too tired that they are â€Å"lying down in the melting snow† further reinforces the image that travel during this â€Å"worst time of the year† can be exhausting. The setting of the poem in winter may also allude to the time of the year when Jesus was born. However, it isn’t just the weather that is making the journey difficult. As the Magi strive through their journey, they encountered a lot of corruption in places where they passed by. From lines 12 to 16, the Magi narrate the dearth and poverty of the settlements they visited, and the depravity and the immorality of their inhabitants. Anaphora of the word ‘and’ is used at the start of each of these lines. Not only that it gives the description a cohesive flow by the repetition of the same starting word, the use of this technique is effective in building up the sense of burden that the Magi have to endure during their contact with those places. Moreover, they have to contend with the â€Å"voices† echoing in their ears â€Å"saying that this was all folly† (lines 19 and 20). These are the voices that come from their own desires, tempting them to abandon their journey and revert back to debauchery. In the second stanza, the setting shifts from an initial journey traveling through harsh conditions to arriving at a more pleasant environment as they â€Å"came down to a temperate valley†. Their arrival at dawn is metaphor symbolizing the start of new beginnings for the Magi. They have reached to a place where they no longer have to suffer the bitterness of the icy terrains that they have traversed, and this signifies that they have finally overcome their adversities and possibly, the penance that they had to pay to recompense for their past sins. The water mill â€Å"beating the darkness† depicts the dispelling of darkness from the â€Å"running streams†, which implicates the timeless flow of that happening. Out of the numerous symbolist elements that comprise of this poem, the â€Å"three trees on the low sky† in line 24 is one of the most significant that it alludes to the three crosses of the Crucifixion and implies that the heavens have been lowered closer to earth to receive Christ who was killed on one of them. The symbolism of the â€Å"old white horse† that â€Å"galloped away into the meadow† might represent something that waned in the advent of Christianity (possibly paganism). The symbolism in line 27 â€Å"six hands at an open door dicing for pieces of silver† denotes to Judas, one of his disciples who betrayed Jesus for money. The final two lines of the stanza, â€Å"And arrived at evening, not a moment too soon, finding the place; it was (you may say) satisfactory† expresses the Magi’s reflection that they have on the change in faith as an understatement, probably realizing that God has already preordained them all along to turn to His path one day. The last stanza describes the Magi’s reflection on the enlightment that they have attained, but seem to be confused in trying to see the significance of the event. Their doubts are manifested in lines 33-38 â€Å"but set down, this set down, this: were we led all that way for birth or death? There was a birth, certainly, we had evidence and no doubt. I had seen birth and death, but had thought they were different†. The repetition of the words ‘set down’, ‘birth’ and ‘death’ in these lines indicates they are baffled and emphasizes the feelings of hesitations that are ruminating in their thoughts. Furthermore, the paradox in lines 28-39 â€Å"this birth was hard and bitter agony for us, like death, our death† describes the psychological change the Magi underwent from their conversion, expressing that the decision to renew and embrace a new faith is just as than renouncing their old ones. The final four lines of the poem concludes that they are â€Å" no longer at ease† â€Å"with an alien people clutching their gods†, conveying that the Magi no longer fit in with the â€Å"old dispensation† of their own people when they finally return from their journey. The last line of the poem, â€Å"I should be glad of another death† expresses their understanding that they have to leave this world in order to be reborn in their new faith again Although its exact meaning remains vague, a likely interpretation of this poem might account of Eliot’s journey on his conversion to Christianity. It is also possible to speculate that this poem accounts a description of his own real-life journey in his quest for faith. The reflection of Eliot’s spiritual journey is described figuratively in physical aspects to evoke a more tangible perspective to the reader on how the journey was like for Eliot to achieve spiritual enlightment. Journey of the Magi Essay Example Journey of the Magi Essay Literary Criticism of ‘Journey of the Magi’ The ‘Journey of the Magi’ is a poem written by T. S. Eliot in 1927. The inspiration for this poem is adapted from the story of the Three Magi who traveled from far away to pay homage to birth of Christ under the guidance of a star. The theme revolves around their search of faith narrated in the point of view of the Magi. The poem has no set rhyme or meter and is constructed in free verse. Unsatisfied and regretful with the times that they have wasted on worldly pleasures of â€Å"the summer palace on slopes, the terraces, and the silken girls bringing sherbet† that they enjoyed, the Magi left their lives of material comforts in order to pursue a quest for spiritual enlightment. Alliteration is used to produce a smooth flowing effect for the readers to feel the attributed sense of this comfort. Throughout the first stanza of the poem, the Magi describe the initial journey to be arduous as they have to face â€Å"the ways deep and the weather sharp† in â€Å"the very dead of winter† (lines 4 and 5). We will write a custom essay sample on Journey of the Magi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Journey of the Magi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Journey of the Magi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The depiction of this season that is often featured in many works of literature is used as a metaphor to represent death, the loss of hope and adverse times. Comparably, the imagery of the season’s characteristic bitter coldness featured in the poem embodies the sense of hardship that the Magi have to undertake to reach their destination. In the sixth and seventh lines, the â€Å"galled, sore-footed, refractory† state of the camels, too tired that they are â€Å"lying down in the melting snow† further reinforces the image that travel during this â€Å"worst time of the year† can be exhausting. The setting of the poem in winter may also allude to the time of the year when Jesus was born. However, it isn’t just the weather that is making the journey difficult. As the Magi strive through their journey, they encountered a lot of corruption in places where they passed by. From lines 12 to 16, the Magi narrate the dearth and poverty of the settlements they visited, and the depravity and the immorality of their inhabitants. Anaphora of the word ‘and’ is used at the start of each of these lines. Not only that it gives the description a cohesive flow by the repetition of the same starting word, the use of this technique is effective in building up the sense of burden that the Magi have to endure during their contact with those places. Moreover, they have to contend with the â€Å"voices† echoing in their ears â€Å"saying that this was all folly† (lines 19 and 20). These are the voices that come from their own desires, tempting them to abandon their journey and revert back to debauchery. In the second stanza, the setting shifts from an initial journey traveling through harsh conditions to arriving at a more pleasant environment as they â€Å"came down to a temperate valley†. Their arrival at dawn is metaphor symbolizing the start of new beginnings for the Magi. They have reached to a place where they no longer have to suffer the bitterness of the icy terrains that they have traversed, and this signifies that they have finally overcome their adversities and possibly, the penance that they had to pay to recompense for their past sins. The water mill â€Å"beating the darkness† depicts the dispelling of darkness from the â€Å"running streams†, which implicates the timeless flow of that happening. Out of the numerous symbolist elements that comprise of this poem, the â€Å"three trees on the low sky† in line 24 is one of the most significant that it alludes to the three crosses of the Crucifixion and implies that the heavens have been lowered closer to earth to receive Christ who was killed on one of them. The symbolism of the â€Å"old white horse† that â€Å"galloped away into the meadow† might represent something that waned in the advent of Christianity (possibly paganism). The symbolism in line 27 â€Å"six hands at an open door dicing for pieces of silver† denotes to Judas, one of his disciples who betrayed Jesus for money. The final two lines of the stanza, â€Å"And arrived at evening, not a moment too soon, finding the place; it was (you may say) satisfactory† expresses the Magi’s reflection that they have on the change in faith as an understatement, probably realizing that God has already preordained them all along to turn to His path one day. The last stanza describes the Magi’s reflection on the enlightment that they have attained, but seem to be confused in trying to see the significance of the event. Their doubts are manifested in lines 33-38 â€Å"but set down, this set down, this: were we led all that way for birth or death? There was a birth, certainly, we had evidence and no doubt. I had seen birth and death, but had thought they were different†. The repetition of the words ‘set down’, ‘birth’ and ‘death’ in these lines indicates they are baffled and emphasizes the feelings of hesitations that are ruminating in their thoughts. Furthermore, the paradox in lines 28-39 â€Å"this birth was hard and bitter agony for us, like death, our death† describes the psychological change the Magi underwent from their conversion, expressing that the decision to renew and embrace a new faith is just as than renouncing their old ones. The final four lines of the poem concludes that they are â€Å" no longer at ease† â€Å"with an alien people clutching their gods†, conveying that the Magi no longer fit in with the â€Å"old dispensation† of their own people when they finally return from their journey. The last line of the poem, â€Å"I should be glad of another death† expresses their understanding that they have to leave this world in order to be reborn in their new faith again Although its exact meaning remains vague, a likely interpretation of this poem might account of Eliot’s journey on his conversion to Christianity. It is also possible to speculate that this poem accounts a description of his own real-life journey in his quest for faith. The reflection of Eliot’s spiritual journey is described figuratively in physical aspects to evoke a more tangible perspective to the reader on how the journey was like for Eliot to achieve spiritual enlightment.

Jackson Pollock essays

Jackson Pollock essays "When I am in my painting, I'm not aware of what I'm doing. It is only after a sort of "get acquainted" period that I see what I have been about. I have no fears about making changes, destroying the image, etc., because the painting has a life of its own. I try to let it come through. It is only when I lose contact with the painting that the result is a mess. Otherwise there is pure harmony, an easy give and take, and the painting Jackson Pollock was a revolutionary artist of his times. His vision of painting brought a revolution in the world of art. In this paper I will delve into the life of the great artist and throw light on his achievements as perceived through the society. Pollock's work is highly distinctive from other artists of his times due to the technique described as action paintings'. His critics describe his work of art as the distribution of color and shapes that create undifferentiated symmetry making his paintings sadistic, with emphasis on strong emotional disorientation that was present in his turbulent lifestyle. Though his work was chaotic to others of the same genre the paintings were masterpieces of precision. Jackson Pollock was born on 28 January 1912, in Cody, Wyoming, to his parents LeRoy McCoy Pollock and Stella McClure Pollock. The family relocated to Arizona and later California when Pollock was less than a year old. His paintings contain childhood memories of seeing his father work as a surveyor and on road crews at the Grand Canyon and in the Southwest. Pollock, Precisely, his work is greatly influenced by the picturesque His interest in developing his passion into a career was fostered while attending Manual Arts High School in Los Angeles. Charles and Sanford, his siblings, were also budding artists. In 1930 Pollock moved to the east coast and began to attend Benton's class at the Lea...

How a Tree Grows - A Brief Overview

How a Tree Grows - A Brief Overview Little of a trees volume is actually living tissue. Just 1% of a tree is actually alive and composed of living cells. The major living portion of a growing tree is a thin film of cells just under the bark (called the cambium) and can be only one to several cells thick. Other living cells are in root tips, the apical meristem, leaves, and buds. The overwhelming portion of all trees is made up of non-living tissue created by a cambial hardening into non-living wood cells on the inner cambial layer. Sandwiched between the outer cambial layer and the bark is an ongoing process of creating sieve tubes which transport food from leaves to roots. So, all wood is formed by the inner cambium and all food-conveying cells are formed by the outer cambium. Apical Growth Tree height and branch lengthening begin with a bud. Tree height growth is caused by the apical meristem whose cells divide and elongate at the base of the bud to create upward growth in trees with a dominant crown tip. There can be more than one developing crown if a trees top is damaged. Certain conifers cannot produce these growth cells and height growth stops at the crown tip. Tree branch growth works in a similar way using buds at the apex of each twig. These twigs become the future branches of trees. Transfer of genetic material in the process will cause these buds to grow at determined rates, creating a tree species height and form. Tree trunk growth is coordinated with the increase of tree height and width. When buds begin opening in the early Spring, cells in the trunk and limbs get the signal to increase in girth by dividing and in height by elongating. Root Cap Growth Early root growth is a function of meristematic root tissue located near the tip of the root. The specialized meristem cells divide, producing more meristem called root cap cells which protect the meristem and undifferentiated root cells while pushing through the soil. The undifferentiated cells become the primary tissues of the developing root during elongation and the process that pushes the root tip forward in the growing medium. Gradually these cells differentiate and mature into specialized cells of the root tissues.

Financial and Management Accounting information Essay

Financial and Management Accounting information - Essay Example Management accounting information is mainly used for internal purposes and communication to management (Berry & Jarvis, 1997). The use of financial and management accounting information to the running of an organisation are discussed in the first and second part of this essay respectively. One of the main uses of financial accounting information is for funding purpose. Capital from shareholders and loans and credit from creditors require reporting of financial accounting information to solicit funds (Atrill & McLaney, 2003; Berry & Jarvis, 1997). Since the owners or shareholders provide the funds for the organisation to run, they are interested in the returns earned on their investments. Financial ratios such as return on shareholders' funds can be calculated to assess the returns earned on their investments. They use information on past performance obtained from the financial statements comprising the profit and loss statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement together with the present economic market conditions to predict the future returns. Also, since the shareholders elect the board of directors, they would want to regularly evaluate the management's performance. Profitability ratios, indications of earning capacity and ability to make profits, can be used by the shareholders to evaluate the management's performance. Examples of profitability ratios are the gross profit ratio, the net profit ratio, and the return on total assets. Loan creditors, such as bankers are interested in the financial stability and liquidity of the organisation, as assessed by the liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, and capital structure ratios, such as the fixed assets to long-term liabilities ratio and the capital gearing ratio. Loan creditors would also like to know whether the organisation is able to pay interest on time and to repay the principal of the loan. They can use financial ratios such as the coverage of fixed interest charges to assess the organisation's ability in this regard. They are also interested in the amount of security existing for their debt, other liabilities the organisation has and security offered for them. The balance sheet offers this information. Trade creditors let the organisation obtain goods or services with postponed payment. They are interested in the ability of the organisation to pay its debts as they fall due, as revealed by liquidity ratios, such as the current ratio and the acid test ratio/liquidity ratio/quick ratio. Both shareholders and creditors use financial accounting information to assess the timing and uncertainty of prospective cash receipts. The prospects of cash receipts depend on the organisation's ability to generate enough cash to meet its obligations when due and its other cash operating needs. The cash flow statement, when used in conjunction with the rest of the financial statements, provides information that enables users to evaluate the changes in net assets of an enterprise, its financial structure (including its liquidity and solvency) and its ability to affect the amounts and timing of cash flows in order to adapt to changing circumstances. Another use of financial accounting information is to solicit investments from potential investors (Atrill & McLaney, 2003, Berry & Jarvis, 1997). Potential investors require information on various matters, including solvency,

Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Research Methods - Essay Example Nevertheless, this report point towards the expanding trend in full figure retail among the clothing fashion industries. According to this report, it had several strengths in exploring the future trend of plus sized female clothing. For instance, there was the full use of good presentation skills in presenting the main ideas. The recent data collected in the report prove that retailers who forego the need for dwelling in plus size fashion will fail to enjoy the market profits. There was proper use of English and flow of ideas in explaining the crucial themes of research. More so, the report shows that the average sizes for women dresses have improved from size eight to fourteen. Nevertheless, there were several weaknesses of the report in delivering the data collected. For instance, there was no proper presentation of the online or offline businesses that adhere to the requirements of the full figure customers. This is unlike the market of skinny women that retail in numerous clothes of all kinds. For a long time, clothing and fashion industries have neglected the plus sized market to cater for women who are size 14 and above. The report could curb the weakness by having a proper plan and time while collecting data. Opportunities for the research relate to a need for additional retailers of plus size clothes. Since the average size of most people is changing from size 12 and above, retailers should foresee a means of making profits. The increasing full figure people increases the demand for such clothes that manufacturers and fashion industries should take note. The challenges faced relates to the process of collecting data. The report had limited information from the library and local shops regarding the retailers of plus size clothes. Such a challenge requires a plan for the next research regarding plus size fashion and clothing. For instance, the research could try and use visitations to the

Dexter Morgen- Vigilante Serial Killer Essay Example for Free

Dexter Morgen- Vigilante Serial Killer Essay To those who disagree with the stance of fictional vigilantly heroes such as Dexter Morgan, in effort to convince them that the vigilante’s actions have earned societys full support, the offenses commonly lain against them will be disproved and a new perspective will be given to support them. Dexter is a serial killer in Miami, FL from Dexter, a series on Showtime; however Dexter only kills murderers. Dexter is considered a felon and his actions are a capitol offense. Many would consider that grounds for Dexter to be thrown into jail, or even face death-row. But look at all the murder we allow and encourage today. Our military is trained to kill Americas enemies. While not everyone approves of war and while no one enjoys it, war is a part of our past and will be a part of our future. If nothing else, war must be accepted. Killing has gone on since the beginning of human history- whether that is Cain and Able, or the war between Sumer and Elam. Who gets to decide who is an enemy of America? The obvious answer is Congress. But Congress is a group of elected officials here to serve its people. Our government of the people, by the people, and for the people is created for us. So ultimately we decide who our enemies are. We the people decided who we go to war with- who we kill. How do we decide who is an enemy of America? There are many acceptable answers such as: any one who threatens our interests, any one who disagrees with our laws, or any one who attacks our country. September 11, 2001 a terrorist organization known as Al-Qaeda attacked America by sending planes through the World Trade Centers in New York and the Pentagon in Virginia. Al-Qaeda unjustly killed 3,000 Americans and Americans justly kill people like this every day. If killing and war are accepted responses to threats posed against the way we live, then who makes the distinction between what killing is just and when killing is necessary. The answer is simple- the law. This topic no longer becomes a moral issue but an issue of law. If Dexter, like our troops over seas, is killing murders then morally Dexter has support. But not full support- not support from the law. There is no arguing murder is against the law, but there are no doubt exceptions. The military is a great example of citizens who, by our laws, can kill. These men are legally allowed to, or licensed, to kill. These are the citizens who kill murders that have or will murder Americans if given the chance. These murderers exist not only over seas, but also in America- killing 16,000 Americans annually. The court system will do the best they to capture them, but what happens when they fail? When citizens stand up against a crook, murderer, or rapist, the punishment lies with the man who rid the world of the injustice; the man that can not let injustice stand is the man that the law says is out of hand. Why should the good be punished? Murder is usually considered an act of passion. Its usually a one time thing which is why most murderers dont get the death penalty. However, certain acts of passion fit the bill on who should get killed in the electric chair. A man who rapes and murderers victims deserves a much more severe punishment than the man who shot that felon. Most wouldnt mind that the rapist was killed and most would believe that the man who shot the rapist had a good mind to do it. If these actions were perfectly legal, it would spark a movement. A movement that would result in the death or thousand of people who believe they are capable of killing felons too. A movement begun with the good intention of cleaning up our streets that will end with them covered in blood. Civilians should not be encouraged to fight crime. But just like policemen and detectives, with training they can. A license to kill these murderers is the best weapon against them. A process should be set in place to allow for this. When the system fails, these licensed killers can put to rest those who murder. Dexter must find proof of the murderers guilt. It is part of his â€Å"code.† A set of rules made for what person he can kill. Dexter can only kill someone who is a murder, for no condonable reason. If Dexter finds this proof, he is free to kill. Why not make the code the description for who a licensed killer can kill? This will lower the rates of overall death tolls and will stop other murderers who kill for a morally wrong reason or for none at all. If Dexter can kill legally, he has then earned all the support he needs. Dexter doesnt need to be famous, he doesn’t need to have to world accept him, he just needs understanding. He has urges to kill, so why not use them for good? Dexters dark side could be used to created a brighter world, because there can be no light without the dark. If Dexter could be given a license to kill, we all would be in a safer place.

Math And Owning A Restaraunt Essay -- essays research papers

Math is an essential asset in the business world. Without mathematics businesses wouldn’t be able to operate effectively. In order to run a restaurant math plays an important role in a lot of different areas. For instance the items on the menu may change due to the way it sells. Bookkeeping and math allow you to both figures out what items are profitable and what items are selling. The business world revolves around math, from profit and loss statements, to graphs, to taxes. Everything in business requires mathematics. Owning a restaurant is no different then any other field of business when it comes to math. The simplest things in a restaurant could not happen without math such as paying for your meal. Math is used to add up the total cost of a person’s bill as well as adding in the sales tax. More advanced math is used in the restaurant business as well. Using equations to determine what your business can afford to buy as well as the difference in the cost of the product and the profit it turns over is all determined by math. Jobs you might not even think require math do, such as portioning products or prepping food. When you are preparing food you need to measure amounts of ingredients and measurements are a form of mathematics. Wheatley-2 Keeping your books up to date requires math as well. When keeping records of your restaurant’s sales you can keep track of your busy periods to know when you are required to order more food or alcohol. Equations are ...

Donation Behavior

Group E Group E VU University 2011-2012 VU University 2011-2012 Donation Behaviour Noortje Vlek 2500825, Danny Kornman 2500148, Nicole Prince 2163470 Business Research Methods IBA1. 04 14th of October 2010 Teacher; Maria Aladjem Table of Contents 1. Introduction and problem statement3 2. Hypothesis Development4 2. 1 Personal link to the cause and intention to donate4 2. 2 Good brand personality of a non-profit organization and intention to donate4 2. 3 Income in relation to the intention to donate5 3. Method6 3. 1 Sample & Procedure6 3. 2 Measurement instruments6 3. Statistical analyses7 4. Results8 4. 1 Descriptive statistics8 4. 2 A personal link to the cause has a positive effect on the intention to donate. (hypothesis 1)9 4. 3 A good brand personality of a non-profit organization has a positive effect on the intention to donate. (hypothesis 2)9 4. 4 People with higher income are more likely to donate than people with lower income. (hypothesis 3)9 5. Conclusion and Discussion11 5. 1 Conclusions11 5. 2 Shortcomings and future research11 5. 3 Theoretical implications12 5. 4 Practical implications12 References12 1. Introduction and problem statement Nonprofit organizations are providing many critical services (e. g. culture activities, environmental issues, education, healthcare) since the 16th century (Venable, Rose, Bush & Gilbert, 2005). But in the last couple of decades Non-profit organizations are facing a lot of difficulties. Government has decided to reduce costs and therefore a significant reduction in governmental funding of donation programs has been made. (Venable, Rose, Bush & Gilbert, 2005) For instance, in England, government has decided to cut in charity funding. Non-profit sector in England will receive ? 10m less this year. Government regulations are not the only difficulty non-profit organizations have to deal with. Due to the economic crisis, the donations of non-profit organizations are decreasing. Only 12% of the non-profit organizations in the United States of America expect to run above the break-even point this year. Non-profit organizations that think they are able to cover their operating expenses is on ly 16 percent in both 2009 and 2010. People are saving rather than spending their money. The first cost they cut is giving money to charity. This is why the economy is slowly recovering. But at the same time the number of volunteers is increasing. Number of non-profit organizations has shown an explicit growth. In 1940 there were only 12. 500 non-profit organizations, in the United States of America. Today there are over 1,500,000 non-profit organizations registered. This is an increase of 12,000 %. Which lead to much more competition in the non-profit organizations sector. Therefore non-profit organizations are receiving less money. If we sum up all the above we come to following research question: What are the factors that have an effect on the intention to donate? . Hypothesis Development 2. 1 Personal link to the cause and intention to donate To convince people to donate to a charity, it is important for non-profit organizations to understand that people who have a link to the purpose of an organization are more likely to help them realizing their goals. Previous studies have shown that when an individual has a personal link to the goal of a non-profit organizati on, he or she will probably be more likely to donate to this organization (Sargeant & Woodlife, 2007) E. g. If someone has just been cured of cancer, this person knows how it is feels how it is to go through such an experience and would be more likely to donate to an organization that does research on a cure for this disease, like the American Cancer Society (ACS). The person donating doesn’t only do so because he/she has been told what good it would do for others, but mainly because this person has gone true the same experience as the one being donated to. The impact of this experience leads to a loyal donor. Therefore we expect that the more an individual is linked to the cause of an organization, the more likely this person is willing to donate: H1: A personal link to the cause has a positive direct effect on the intention to donate. 2. 2 Good brand personality of a non-profit organization and intention to donate Another factor that plays a role in donating is brand personality. As can be read in previous studies, non-profit organizations with a bad reputation discourage people from donating to these organizations (Knowles & Gomes, 2010). For instance Greenpeace has a very aggressive way of disapproving of certain companies or even certain government policies. They are often accused of being involved in illegal acts. This puts this organization in a difficult spot. People who are thinking of becoming a donor will take this into account. That is why it is important for a non-profit to have a good reputation. This can be achieved, for example, by providing a good service quality, keeping the donor informed what the organization is doing to reach their goal, but also how their money is being spent. For instance, if a manager of a large non-profit organization has an absurd high salary, people will lose their trust in the organization because they are not comfortable with the way their money is being spent. Therefore we assume it is necessary for an organization to be clear about their mission in order to create donor loyalty: H2: A good brand personality of a non-profit organization has a positive direct effect on the intention to donate. 2. 3 Income in relation to the intention to donate People with a high level of income are more likely to donate to a non-profit organization, because these people are able to buy their necessity goods, take care of their family and are overall secure enough not have to worry about an uncertain future (Knowles & Gomes, 2010). As mentioned in the introduction, a higher level of income is defined as an income that is above standard, which is 65. 000 dollar a year. People with an income below standard are not always able to buy their necessity goods and can’t afford to donate. Let’s take students for example. They are already having problems coming around with their income and are not certain about their future, which will not lead to donating. Therefore we can posit: H3: People with higher income are more likely to donate than people with lower income. The hypothesis relationships are explained in figure 1. Figure 1 Conceptual Model Influences on donation Personal link to the cause Good brand personality Intention to donate Income Personal link to the cause Good brand personality Intention to donate Income Socio-Demographic Difference 3. Method 3. 1 Sample & Procedure When it comes to analysing the intention to donate, we are confronted with large relevant population. Since there aren’t many requirements to become a donor, it is possible for anyone to donate to a non-profit organization. By approaching our unit of analysis (18+) through an online questionnaire we would like to get a better view on the intention to donate. This was done with the use of non-probability samples, where not all elements have the same chance of being included in a sample. In our case we chose for the convenience sampling, since our population is quite vague and hard to define. This way we could be unrestricted, and it is easy to perform. The disadvantages that must be dealt with when it comes to holding a survey are that questions often remain multi-interpretable, the lack depth because of limited preparedness, and the respondents are more likely to give a socially acceptable answer. Some ways to solve these problems are that every consumer must receive an e-mail invitation to participate in a survey. This gives the company a chance to make sure that the same name and contact information isn't already assigned to another e-mail address in the system. Also a minimum time for completing an online survey can be set. This cuts down on cheaters who fly through the survey just randomly answering questions. 3. 2 Measurement instruments An online questionnaire was created for respondents to participate in the survey using the following measurement instruments. Independent variables Personal link to the cause was measured with four ways of being connected to the charity (i. e. , Someone I know has been effected by the issues dealt with by this charity, Someone I know might benefit from my support, My family has a strong link to this charity, This cause is not related to an important aspect of my life). A sum score was calculated by adding up the responses to the question whether respondents were offered these four options. Responses ranged from 1 (completely disagree) to 7 (completely agree). Good brand personality was measured by the quality of the brand name, with the availability of seven options (i. e. , Honest, loving, compassionate, Reputable, Committed, Reliable, Financially stable). A sum score was calculated by adding up responses to the question whether respondents were offered these Seven options. Responses on this two sum score ranged from 1(completely disagree) to 7 (completely agree). Incomer was measured by asking respondents whether they had an income that was lower(0) or higher(1) than $65. 000. Dependent variable Intention to donate was measured with three statements: â€Å"Unlikely-Likely, Improbable-probable, Uncertain-certain†. Respondents could answer on a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (completely disagree) to 7 (completely agree). 3. 3 Statistical analyses With the purpose of testing the three hypotheses presented above, three analyses are performed. In order to test the first hypothesis (A personal link to the cause has a positive effect on the intention to do) a regression analysis will be calculated between the personal link to the cause and the intention to. The second hypothesis (A good brand personality of a non-profit organization has a positive effect on the intention to donate) is also tested via a regression analysis in which a higher good brand personality has an effect on the intention to donate. The third hypothesis (People with higher income are more likely to donate than people with lower income) is tested by means of an independent samples t-test. For all analyses, test values (r in case of the regressions and t in case of the t-test) with a significance of p?. 05 are deemed significant. 4. Results 4. 1 Descriptive statistics Before we start testing our hypothesis, there is a need to review the data obtained by interviewing the unit of analyses in order to check whether there are any outliers or undefined values. We reviewed the item range, percentages, means and standard deviation Results of this review are shown in table 1. Table 1 Variables, Ranges, Percentages, Means and Standard Deviation Variable| Range| Percentage| Mean, SD| Personal link to the cause| 1. 25 – 7. 00 | -| M= 4. 80; SD = 1. 03| Good brand personality| 2. 14 – 6. 34| -| M = 4. 60; SD = 0. 90| Income| 0 – 1| 0. (less than 65,000) = 47%1. (more than 65,000) = 53%| -| Intention to donate| 1. 0 – 7. 00| -| M= 4. 95; SD=0. 90| Seemingly, the data collected do not hold any outliers. Therefore the next step can be taken, which is to construe these descriptive analyses. As can be seen in the table above, in a general sense the respondents interpreted a personal link to the cause and a good brand personality quite h igh. The data shows that on average the respondents offered both, personal link as a good brand personality a 5. The income division is almost 50-50, and in a general sense the respondents had an above average intention to donate. Now we move on to the hypothesis testing analyze. The overall fit of the model: The 5. 9% of the variance of the dependent variable is explained by the model including the two independent variables. 4. 2 A personal link to the cause has a positive effect on the intention to donate. (Hypothesis 1) Hypothesis 1 was tested with a regression analysis. This way we can determine whether a (higher) personal link to the cause also leads also to the intention to donate. The raw SPSS output will be given in Appendix 1. As indicated by the analysis, the regression reveals a positive and insignificant effect between a personal link and the intention to donate (? -. 053 p;0. 26). Therefore, we have to reject Hypothesis 1. 4. 3 A good brand personality of a non-profit organization has a positive effect on the intention to donate. (Hypothesis 2) Hypothesis 2 was also tested with a regression analysis. This way we can determine whether a good brand personality leads to an intention to donate. The raw SPSS output will be given in Appendix 1. As indi cated by the analysis, the regression reveals a positive and significant effect between a personal link and the intention to donate (? =0. 26, p;0. 001). Therefore, we Hypothesis 2 is supported. . 4 People with higher income are more likely to donate than people with lower income. (Hypothesis 3) Hypothesis 3 was tested with an independent samples t-test. The raw SPSS output is given in Appendix 1. As indicated by the t-test, people with a higher income (M=5. 11) are significantly more likely to donate than people with a lower income (M=4. 86). (p ; 0. 02). Therefore, Hypothesis 3 is supported. In table 2 a summary of this study’s hypotheses will be given as well as the results of all hypothesis-testing analyses. Table 2 Summary of hypothesis and results Hypothesis| Result| H1: A personal link to the cause has a positive effect on the intention to donate. | Not supported| H2: A good brand personality of a non-profit organization has a positive effect on the intention to donate. | Supported| H3: People with higher income are more likely to donate than people with lower income. | Supported| 5. Conclusion and Discussion 5. 1 Conclusions In this study we have discussed two different factors (a personal link to the cause and brand personality) that have an effect on the intention to donate between people with higher income and people with lower income. According to the results of our regression analysis, people who have a personal link to the cause of a non-profit organization are not more likely to donate then people who don’t have a personal link to the non-profit organization. A possible explanation for this unexpected finding is that a personal link to the cause is an important factor for these organizations, but not sufficient for people to become more likely to donate. Previous studies have shown that there is a significant difference in the intention to donate and a personal link to the cause (Sargeant ; Woodliffe 2007). A possible explanation for this unexpected finding is that there were not a lot of people in our survey who had a personal link to the cause. As we expected from our hypothesis people are indeed more likely to donate to a non profit organization with a good brand personality than to an organization with a perverse brand personality. The expected difference in the intention to donate between people with a higher income and people with a lower income was found in our analysis. According to our data, people are indeed more likely to donate when their income becomes higher. With this information we can conclude that people take their income into account when it comes to making a donation. 5. 2 Shortcomings and future research One of the shortcomings of our study lies in the fact that we might have had some multi-interpretable questions with the lack of depth because of limited preparedness. A second restriction is that our analysis might be influenced by some personal bias. It could be that people were influenced to give a social responsible answer. The third limitation is based on the fact that all our data was collected at one point at the time. If we would have found for example that people with a personal link to the cause were more likely to donate, we still could not conclude that this will always be the case; therefore you have to collect data over a longer period of time. If we sum up all shortcomings, future research on the intention to donate should focus on taking the survey separately, so that people could not influence each other and therefore not the outcome of the data. The data should be collected over a longer period of time to get a better insight if people with a higher income change their donation behavior. . 3 Theoretical implications What do we learn from this study? Was existing theory confirmed or rejected? One theoretical assumption of this research is that a personal link to the cause and brand personality would lead to a higher intention to donate. This study shows however that this is not necessarily true according to the personal link to the cause of a nonprofit organization. Moreover, this researc h has shown that a higher income would have a positive effect on the intention to donate, as we expected. 5. 4 Practical implications One of the most important implications of the results we have found is that in practice non-profit organizations should not only focus on a certain group of potential donors, but also come in contact with them through information. This way the donor will feel like a part of the organization as a whole. By letting the donors know what their future plans, initiatives and successes are. These organizations should try to find active donors who will eventually become dedicated to their cause and will donate themselves. References Smith, N. 2011, August 2), Charities ‘hit by funding cuts’ BBC News UK. Retrieved 16 November 2011 from http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-politics-14366522 McKenna, T and Noble, C. (2009, March 3). Non profit Finance Fund Survey: America’s Nonprofit in danger. Non profit finance fund. Retrieved16 November 2011 from http://nonprofitfinancefund. org/news/2009/nonprofit-finance-fund-survey-americas-nonprofits-danger Rabe Thomase, J. (2010, June 21) In recession, non-profit agencies see volunteers increase as funding shrinks. The CT Mirror. Retrieved 11 November 2011 from http://ctmirror. rg/story/6460/non-profits-gaining%20volunteers bfy. (2008) Non-profits in Carlisle: History of Non-profits in the U. S. Carlisle History.. Retrieved 18 November 2011 from http://carlislehistory. dickinson. edu/? page_id=278 bfy. (n. d. ) Knowledge Base. Grant space. Retrieved 11 November 2011 from http://grantspace. org/Tools/Knowledge-Base/Funding-Research/Statistics/Number-of-nonprofits-in-the-U. S n. d. The Jakarta post,. Retrieved 23 November 2011 from: http://www. thejakartapost. com/news/2011/10/26/lawmakers-accuse-greenpeace-illegal-activities. tml Brunel, F. F. , and Nelson. M. R. (2000). Explaining Gendered Responses to â€Å"Help-Self† and â€Å"Help-Others† Charity Ad Appeals: The Mediating Role of World-Views. Journal of Advertising, XXIX (3), 15-28. Knowles, P. , & Gomes, R. (2010). Building Relationships with Major -Gift Donors: A Major-Gift Decision-Making, Relationship-Building Model. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 21 (4), 384-406. Sargeant, A. , & Woodliffe, L. (2007). Building Donor Loyalty: The Antecedents and Role of Commitment in the Context of Charity Giving. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 18 (2), 47-68. Venable, B. T. , Rose, G. M. , Bush, V. D. , & Gilbert, F. W. (2005). The Role of Brand Personality in Charitable Giving: An Assessment and Validation. Academy of Marketing Science, 33 (3), 295-312. White, K. , & Peloza, J. (2009). Self-Benefit Versus Other-Benefit Marketing Appeals: Their Effectiveness in Generating Charitable Support. Journal of Marketing, 73 (July), 109-124. Appendix 1. Raw SPSS Output Hypothesis 1 and Hypothesis 2 Regression Variables Entered/Removedb| Model| Variables Entered| Variables Removed| Method| 1| Mean_Brandpersonality, Mean_PersonalLinka| . | Enter| a. All requested variables entered. | b. Dependent Variable: Mean_intention| Model Summary| Model| R| R Square| Adjusted R Square| Std. Error of the Estimate| 1| ,242a| ,059| ,054| ,86641| a. Predictors: (Constant), Mean_Brandpersonality, Mean_PersonalLink| ANOVAb| Model| Sum of Squares| df| Mean Square| F| Sig. | 1| Regression| 17,971| 2| 8,985| 11,970| ,000a| | Residual| 289,004| 385| ,751| | | | Total| 306,975| 387| | | | a. Predictors: (Constant), Mean_Brandpersonality, Mean_PersonalLink| b. Dependent Variable: Mean_intention| Coefficientsa| Model| Unstandardized Coefficients| Standardized Coefficients| t| Sig. | | B| Std. Error| Beta| | | 1| (Constant)| 4,012| ,258| | 15,523| ,000| | Mean_PersonalLink| -,053| ,048| -,062| -1,122| ,263| | Mean_Brandpersonality| ,258| ,054| ,262| 4,780| ,000| Hypothesis 3 T-test Group Statistics| | What is your current income| N| Mean| Std. Deviation| Std. Error Mean| Mean_intention| >= 3| 152| 4,8618| ,90656| ,07353| | < 3| 135| 5,1136| ,89235| ,07680|

Text Linguistics

TEXT LINGUISTICS Structure As a science of text, text linguistics describes or explains among different types of text the: * Shared features * Distinct features Text linguistics is the study of how texts function in human interaction. Beaugrande and Dressler define a text as a â€Å"communicative occurrence which meets seven standards of textuality† – Cohesion, Coherence, Intentionality, Acceptability, Informativity, Situationality and Intertextuality, without any of which the text will not be communicative.Non-communicative texts are treated as non-texts. [4] [edit] Cohesion Surface texts are the exact words that people see or hear. Cohesion concerns the ways in which the components of the surface text are connected within a sequence. Grammatical forms and conventions are adhered to by surface components and therefore cohesion rests upon grammatical dependencies. The grammatical dependencies in surface texts are major signals for sorting out meanings and uses.Cohesion encompasses all of the functions that can be used to signal relations among surface elements. â€Å"| SLOWCARS HELD UP| †| Such a text can be divided up into various dependencies. Someone might construe it as a notice about ‘slow cars’ that are ‘held up’, so that conclusions could be drawn about the need to drive fast to avoid being held up. However, it is more likely for one to divide the text into ‘slow’ and ‘cars held up’, so that drivers will drive slowly to avoid accidents or take alternative routes to avoid being caught in the slow traffic.A science of text should explain how ambiguities such as this are possible, as well as how they are precluded or resolved without much difficulty. For efficient communication to take place there must be interaction between cohesion and other standards of textuality because the surface alone is not decisive. [edit] Coherence Coherence concerns the ways in which concepts and relations, which underlie the surface text, are linked, relevant and used, to achieve efficient communication. A concept is a cognitive content which can be retrieved or triggered with a high degree of consistency in the mind * Relations are the links between concepts within a text, with each link identified with the concept that it connects to Surface texts may not always express relations explicitly therefore people supply as many relations as are needed to make sense out of any particular text. In the example of the road sign ‘SLOW CARS HELD UP’, ‘cars’ is an object concept and ‘held up’ an action concept, and the ‘cars’ are the link to ‘held up’.Therefore, ‘slow’ is more likely to be interpreted as a motion than as the speed at which cars are travelling. Types of relations include: I. Causality â€Å"| Itsy Bitsy spider climbing up the spout. Down came the rain and washed the spider out| †| The event of à ¢â‚¬Ëœraining’ causes the event of ‘washing the spider out’ because it creates the necessary conditions for the latter; without the rain, the spider will not be washed out. II. Enablement â€Å"| Humpty Dumpty sat on the wall, Humpty Dumpty had a great fall| †| The action of sitting on the wall created the sufficient but not necessary conditions for the action of falling down.Sitting on a wall makes it possible but not obligatory for falling down to occur. III. Reason â€Å"| Jack shall have but a penny a day because he can’t work any faster| †| In contrast to the rain which causes Itsy Bitsy spider to be washed out, the slow working does not actually cause or enable the low wage. Instead, the low wage is a reasonable outcome; ‘reason’ is used to term actions that occur as a rational response to a previous event. IV.Purpose â€Å"| Old Mother Hubbard went to the cupboard to get her poor dog a bone| †| In contrast to Humpty Dumpty’s action of sitting on the wall which enables the action of falling down, there is a plan involved here; Humpty Dumpty did not sit on the wall so that it could fall down but Old Mother Hubbard went to the cupboard so that she could get a bone. ‘Purpose’ is used to term events that are planned to be made possible via a previous event. V. Time ‘Cause’, ‘Enablement’ and ‘Reason’ have forward directionality with the earlier event causing, enabling or providing reason for the later event. Purpose’, however, has a backward directionality as the later event provides the purpose for the earlier event. More than just a feature of texts, coherence is also the outcome of cognitive processes among text users. The nearness and proximity of events in a text will trigger operations which recover or create coherence relations. â€Å"| The Queen of Hearts, she made some tarts;The Knave of Hearts, he stole the tarts; The King of Hearts, called for the tarts| †| In the explicit text, there is a set of actions (making, stealing and calling); the only relations presented are the agent and the affected entity of each action.However, a text receiver is likely to assume that the locations of all three events are close to one another as well as occur in a continuous and relatively short time frame. One might also assume that the actions are meant to signal the attributes of the agents; the Queen is skilled in cooking, the Knave is dishonest and the King is authoritative. As such, coherence encompasses inferencing based on one’s knowledge. For a text to make sense, there has to be interaction between one’s accumulated knowledge and the text-presented knowledge.Therefore, a science of texts is probabilistic instead of deterministic, that is, inferences by users of any particular text will be similar most of the time instead of all of the time. Most text users have a common core of cognitive co mposition, engagement and process such that their interpretations of texts through ‘sensing’ are similar to what text senders intend them to be. Without cohesion and coherence, communication would be slowed down and could break down altogether. Cohesion and coherence are text-centred notions, designating operations directed at the text materials. [edit] IntentionalityIntentionality concerns the text producer’s attitude and intentions as the text producer uses cohesion and coherence to attain a goal specified in a plan. Without cohesion and coherence, intended goals may not be achieved due to a breakdown of communication. However, depending on the conditions and situations in which the text is used, the goal may still be attained even when cohesion and coherence are not upheld. â€Å"| Want I carry you on my back? | †| Even though cohesion is not maintained in this example, the text producer still succeeds in achieving the goal of finding out if the text re ceiver wanted a piggyback. edit] Acceptability Acceptability concerns the text receiver’s attitude that the text should constitute useful or relevant details or information such that it is worth accepting. Text type, the desirability of goals and the political and sociocultural setting, as well as cohesion and coherence are important in influencing the acceptability of a text. Text producers often speculate on the receiver’s attitude of acceptability and present texts that maximizes the probability that the receivers will respond as desired by the producers.For example, texts that are open to a wide range of interpretations, such as ‘Call us before you dig. You may not be able to afterwards’, require more inferences about the related consequences. This is more effective than an explicit version of the message that informs receivers the full consequences of digging without calling because receivers are left with a large amount of uncertainty as to the conse quences that could result; this plays to the risk averseness of people. [edit] Informativity Informativity concerns the extent to which the contents of a text are already known or expected as compared to unknown or unexpected.No matter how expected or predictable content may be, a text will always be informative at least to a certain degree due to unforeseen variability. The processing of highly informative text demands greater cognitive ability but at the same time is more interesting. The level of informativity should not exceed a point such that the text becomes too complicated and communication is endangered. Conversely, the level of informativity should also not be so low that it results in boredom and the rejection of the text. [edit] Situationality Situationality concerns the factors which make a text relevant to a situation of occurrence.The situation in which a text is exchanged influences the comprehension of the text. There may be different interpretations with the road s ign â€Å"| SLOWCARS HELD UP| †| However, the most likely interpretation of the text is obvious because the situation in which the text is presented provides the context which influences how text receivers interpret the text. The group of receivers (motorists) who are required to provide a particular action will find it more reasonable to assume that ‘slow’ requires them to slow down rather than referring to the speed of the cars that are ahead.Pedestrians can tell easily that the text is not directed towards them because varying their speeds is inconsequential and irrelevant to the situation. In this way, the situation decides the sense and use of the text. Situationality can affect the means of cohesion; less cohesive text may be more appropriate than more cohesive text depending on the situation. If the road sign was ‘Motorists should reduce their speed and proceed slowly because the vehicles ahead are held up by road works, therefore proceeding at too h igh a speed may result in an accident’, every possible doubt of intended receivers and intention would be removed.However, motorists only have a very short amount of time and attention to focus on and react to road signs. Therefore, in such a case, economical use of text is much more effective and appropriate than a fully cohesive text. [edit] Intertextuality Intertextuality concerns the factors which make the utilization of one text dependent upon knowledge of one or more previously encountered text.If a text receiver does not have prior knowledge of a relevant text, communication may break down because the understanding of the current text is obscured. Texts such as parodies, rebuttals, forums and classes in school, the text producer has to refer to prior texts while the text receivers have to have knowledge of the prior texts for communication to be efficient or even occur. In other text types such as puns, for example ‘Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a ba nana’, there is no need to refer to any other text.

Sexual Stereotypes in Advertis essays

Sexual Stereotypes in Advertis essays When marketers create advertisements they create stereotypes. The most common are gender roles. Women in advertisements are displayed as sexual objects. This works because sex is one of humans basic needs (Miller and Jowles 608). These ads are targeted toward men. If they were to put a commercial on TV of a man lounging on the couch with a remote control in his hand and popping open a beer, some men might find that appealing. But, place a sexy woman on the couch with him, drooling over his wet beer bottle and they can have a man ready to jump in the car to go get some beer. The advertiser is swaying men to purchase their product by stereotyping women as being there for men's desires. The advertiser is saying that if the consumer, a man, were to go purchase their beer, somewhere in that scenario they would get a sexy woman to go with the beer. In reality, men are not that stupid. They know if they run into the local grocery store that they cannot just pick out a beautiful woman with their beer. But still, the more outlandish, the sexier, and the more skin shown, the more that image will stick in somebody's mind. And their hopes are that the next time somebody goes to purchase a six-pack of beer, that image will still be imbedded somewhere and that person will just naturally grab their brand of beer. It only works because of the stereotype placed on the woman. In a Coors light advertisement, from Maxim For Men, a set of twins is pictured. They wear tank tops that show off their bodies standing close to each other with innocent smiles on their faces. Underneath the picture is states, Heres to the twins. Turn a few pages in the magazine and you see a subsequent ad. It is the same set of twins in cheerleading outfits, showing more skin, wearing even bigger less innocent smiles. In this picture the girls appear to be having more fun. Underneath this picture it says, Heres to the twins. Again.&quo...

3 Examples of Strengthening Parallel Structure

3 Examples of Strengthening Parallel Structure 3 Examples of Strengthening Parallel Structure 3 Examples of Strengthening Parallel Structure By Mark Nichol In each of the sentences below, misplacement of a word, or absence of a word, presents an obstacle to comprehension. Discussion and a revision follows each example. 1. These regulations either need to be revised or repealed. When employing an â€Å"either . . . or† phrase, the verb that applies to both choices, which are represented by two words or two phrases that follow either and or, should precede either: â€Å"These regulations need to be either revised or repealed.† 2. Smith, a former journalist and passenger on the flight, said that fellow passengers subdued the man until the plane landed about an hour later. Smith is a former journalist. She is also technically a former passenger, but the relevant fact is that she was a passenger at the time of the incident, not that she used to be a passenger. Therefore, she should be identified both as â€Å"a former journalist† as well as â€Å"a passenger on the flight†: â€Å"Smith, a former journalist and a passenger on the flight, said that fellow passengers subdued the man until the plane landed about an hour later.† 3. They can think more strategically when working with the committee and executive management to formulate plans and analyzing risks. Readers are likely to assume that â€Å"formulate plans† and â€Å"analyzing risks† are parallel and that, therefore, the inconsistent inflectional ending of analyzing must be corrected. However, â€Å"analyzing risks† is parallel not with â€Å"formulate plans† but with the larger phrase that begins â€Å"working with† and ends with â€Å"formulate plans,† so analyzing correctly matches working. To make clear the extent of the phrase equivalent to â€Å"analyzing risks,† repeat when immediately before the latter phrase to match the one before working: â€Å"They can think more strategically when working with the committee and executive management to formulate plans and when analyzing risks.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before WordsFlier vs. FlyerWord Count and Book Length

The Other Side of Homeschooling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Other Side of Homeschooling - Research Paper Example This essay declares that homeschooling has been tagged as an offspring of older pedagogical movements which value individualism, non-conformity and empowerment, which most schools do not encourage. Proponents of homeschooling were former supporters of ‘free schools’ which were considered left-wing and detest conformity and ‘rat-race’ status-seeking that is usually associated with schools. Since homeschooled children are isolated from school and are expected to be educated from home, they are likewise not conforming to any norm dictated by the school environment. Being so, they are thought of as being deprived of social contact with their peers and other adults. Tis discussion declares that home-schooled children may excel academically, and even outstrip their peers in academic tests. Socially, they are deprived of experiencing normal peer interactions that bring about challenging situations that make them stronger as individuals. The social adjustment that goes with being with other young people or situations that make them struggle to survive on their own build character and develop coping skills they would need as grown-ups in the real world. Being shielded from differing personalities of people leaves them unable to interact appropriately especially with those with difficult temperaments. Teachers who encourage an â€Å"open classroom climate†, push their students to air divergent viewpoints to stimulate their thinking and test their faithfulness to their long-held beliefs. When students hear different perspectives, it helps them understand an issue better and become less likely to feel

SHORT STORY, EXPOSITORY STYLE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SHORT STORY, EXPOSITORY STYLE - Essay Example reater good of the child realize that though there are constitutional guarantees for equality men seems to be less equal than women in this perspective. During the divorce process, the father has to undergo child custody evaluation at which point he learns that the daily access to rear the child is shared or fully impeded. The father has to take immense efforts to convince the custody evaluator by pointing out the reasons why he is good as a custodial parent. The evaluation is a questionable process because it can be either rational or fair since evaluation is carried out without any benchmarks or standardized testing. It is even more difficult for fathers to be a custodial parent because the mother is usually given custody in the best interest of the child. According to Old Bureau of Census statistics the proportions at which the father and mother obtained to be the custodial parents in the early 90’s stood at 1:90, while 9% of the kids were assigned to the care of family members.. Though custody evaluations takes place, the evaluators conclude with an expected judgment which usually favors the mother to be the custodial parent because the child has been raised by the mother and she would be able to offer a more stable life. This leads to a reason that a father is disqualified for custody because they do not spend much time with the kids since they were working. But this should not be a reason to penalize men (Hughson, D). Court orders are sometimes biased even if the evaluation process finds the father to be most suitable custodial parent. On the social front, children who grow up without a father at home is at an increased risk of transforming into a criminal in the society. Children are also likely to drop out of school, indulge in drug abuse, commit suicide or get pregnant. Therefore gender bias towards fathers in gaining custody must undergo a change (Child Custody and Support). Fathers are back lashed when it comes to the custody of the child because

A World of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

A World of Art - Essay Example For instance, the Greeks invented three architectural systems called Doric, Ionic and Corinthian that stood for various meanings (Architecture, 2011). The Doric order, the column a sturdy and plain appearance, was used for the Parthenon in the capitol, and it incorporated worship of Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom (Architecture, 2011). The point of using the Doric order was to symbolize order and harmony, which coincides with the goddess Athena. Architecture was not the only form of art that reflected religion. Sculptures were vastly popular in ancient Greece and they often times were figures of gods and goddesses like Zeus, even heroes and events were created to mirror religion. In the Christian era, art and architecture were not very different from Greece in how religion was portrayed. Before Christianity was universally accepted, art had to be hidden. These artists did not focus on perfection and beauty as did those that produced Greek art because they sought importance in tra nsforming their beliefs and teaching the Christian religion to others (Early, 2007). Sculptures were rarely seen, and unlike Greek architecture, Christian architecture was bland and unadorned in comparison (Early, 2007). However, the interiors were rich with furnishings- marble, mosaics, hangings, etc. as if to show that Christianity is not about always being beautiful and showy, but faith is set at the hearth like the heart and done with the family. 2. a. Mannerism: This era was set in before the baroque period, and it was European art that occurred around 1520-1580 in Italy Renaissance (Sayre, 2007). The focal term was harmony, which was illustrated through naturalistic paintings, i.e. paintings that were universally recognized as meaning the same thing to various people. Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael were famous artists of this era (Sayre, 2007). b. Baroque: Following the mannerism era, baroque came about in the late 16th-early 18th century throughout Europe (Sayre, 2007). It is a form of art that reflects religious themes as well as express power in aristocracy society. Lavish palaces were influenced by baroque style, as well as the artists Peter Paul Rubens and Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Sayre, 2007). c. Rococo: This type of art stemmed from baroque in the late 18th century in France due to the fact that baroque artists began to experiment giving up their symmetry and turned to creating ornate and playful art (Sayre, 2007). A lot of this art was created to be motifs of decoration and often criticized for its lack of sophistication. However, despite the controversies, it still remains a part of art history and so do the artists that incorporated it like Franz Anton Bustelli and Andrea Casali (Sayre, 2007). d. Neoclassicism: Unlike Rococo style’s seemingly unimportance, the neoclassicism era was distinct and memorable through its utilization of the visual arts like music, architecture, literature, and theatre and occurred late 19th century all over Europe (Sayre, 2007). It actually became a sort-of outspoken response to the â€Å"shallow† form of Rococo. It portrayed elements like war, politics and bravery (Sayre, 2007). Lastly, the artists that represent this period are Sir Christopher Wren and William Kent. e. Romanticism: This era is viewed as being the intellectual era, not romance, that gained popularity in the late 18th

Titration Lab Essay Example for Free

Titration Lab Essay Method for Control of Variables 1. In order to control the titration of potassium permanganate, we used the pipette to make the titration constant. We also used the same amount of chemical solutions, with the same flasks, to make the titration as constant as possible. 2. To control the amount of redox in the experiment, we have used the pipette to keep on putting the same amount of drop every time. The pipette made the amount of redox constant for every trial, and made the data more accurate. 3. In order to control the amount of potassium permanganate, we have measured the solution with the same plate and same scale. Since we have used the same materials, the amount used was very close. 4. To control the amount of force put in to mix the solution, I used my right hand for every trial and did not vary the length and procedure to mix. I have mixed the solution 5. In order to control the temperature of the liquids, I have used the same room at the same time. I did not used any air conditioning to change the temperature. Method For Data Collection 1. I have weighed out exactly 2.5 grams of AR ammonium iron (II) sulphate crystals, and dissolved them in approximately 40cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of sulphuric acid solution with a concentration of approximately 1 mol dm-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. 2. I did NOT heat the solution to assist the dissolving of the solution. 3. I made up to 100cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of the solution into a volumetric flask and mixed the solution. 4. I have used the pipette to pipette 10cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of the solution into a conical flask and added about an equal volume of distilled water. 5. I titrated this with 0.0200mol dm-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ potassium manganate (VII) solution to a faint pink color. 6. I repeated the titration for at least 2 times for accuracy in the data and recorded all the results. Table of Raw Results Table Showing Volume of KMnO4 Used to React With the Solution Initial Reading Final Reading Volume of KMnO4 The error or uncertainty of this data is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. However, the uncertainty for the volume difference is not à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, but is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.10cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. This is because there are two à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ datas, and if you add them up, you will get à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.10cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Evaluation Improvements: In this experiment, there were several inaccurate results and some mistakes I could have improved. 1. Pipette: For each drop from the pipette, there were same amounts of solutions, but since it is made by human hand, there should have been a slight difference in each drop. 2. Temperature: Although I have done this experiment in one class period, there were slight changes in the weather, causing the temperature to change. This could have affected the data results. 3. Force: The force applied to the solution and the flask was approximately the same, but there were some differences since it was done by humans. Humans never can do the same exact thing over, and so there should have been a slight error. Conclusion My hypothesis for this experiment was correct, because it took about 10 drops to titrate. Although there were some slight errors during the experiment, the experiment itself went fairly well, as there werent any big outstanding errors in the data and procedures. The main aim of this experiment, titration of redox with potassium permanganate, was well presented, and overall the experiment was good. Problem Calculation 1. MnO4- + 8H+ + 5Fe- = Mn2+ + 4H2O + Fe3+ 2. 5 moles of Fe2+ is required. 3. 10cm3 = 0.01dm3 0.02 mol dm-3 x 0.01 dm3 = 0.0002 mol 0.0002 moles of KMnO4 is present. 4. MnO4- : Fe2+ 1:5 0.0002 mol : 0.001 mol 0.001 moles of Fe2+ is present in 10cm3 of the solution. 5. 0.001 mol x 10 =0.01 mol 0.01 moles of Fe2+ is present in 100cm3 of the solution. 6. 1 mole of Fe2+ = 56grams 56g x 0.01 mol = 0.56g 0.56 grams of Fe2+ is in the ammonium iron (II) sulfate 7. Number of moles of ammonium iron (II) sulfate = 39 0.56g/(39mol x 0.1) = 14.4% 8. 1 mol of ammonium iron(II) sulfate = (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 x 6H2O = 2N + 8H+ 1Fe+ 2S + 😠¯ + 12H + 6O = 392 grams 56g/392g = 14.3% 9. My result was 14.4% and it is almost equal to the correct value which is 14.3%. The difference is only 0.1%. 10. The iron (II) salt might evaporate if I heat it, and will affect the result.

Class and Culture in Urban American Essay -- Gangs Crimes Cultural Soc

Class and Culture in Urban American A gang is a loosely organized group of individual people who join forces for social reasons. Or anti-social reasons depending on how one looks at it. A person may join a gang for numerous reasons. These reasons include the need for â€Å"identity, discipline, recognition, love, money, and belonging.† 5 â€Å"Today there are approximately 274 Blood and Crip gangs in Los Angeles County alone.† 1 The gangs that are often in the news are usually made up of African-Americans. â€Å"African-Americans first formed street gangs in the late 1920s and early 1930s on the east side of Los Angeles near Central and Vernon Avenues. They were also forming in the downtown area of Los Angeles around the same time.† 4 Los Angeles is not the only area where gangs are visible, but it is often the area that will be associated with the topic of gang violence. â€Å"During the years to follow the early 1930s, African-Americans began to move south from downtown Los Angeles, down Central Ave towards Slauson Avenue.† 4 Whites primarily occupied this area during the 1920s, but African-Americans started moving in when the 1930s began. As the years went on and the time became closer to the present, these old gangs faded away, and new gangs surfaced. These new gangs were a more violent, dangerous type of group. Confrontations that would have led to fistfights in the 1930s progressed into fights that included chains, knives, and guns during the 1970s and 1980s. The two main names that will be associated with gang crime and activity these days are the Bloods and the Crips. These two names raise fear in most members of the community in the United States. The Bloods and the Crips are names that are synonymous with bloody ... ...ls, and parents to do their part. Together maybe we can put a halt to gang activity all together. Bibliography 1James Haskins, Street Gangs: Yesterday and Today. (Hastings House, Publishers of New York, 1984). 2www.th-record.com/1999/09/14/hygangs.htm 3www.cnn.com/US/9708/27/crips.bloods/ 4www.streetgangs.com/history/history.html 5www.gangwar.com/dynamics.html 6G. Larry Mays, Gangs and Gang Behavior. (Nelson-Hall, Publishers of Chicago, 1997). 7Mary G. Harris, Ed. D., Girls and Gangs. (AMS Press, of New York, 1988). 8Susan A. Phillips, Wallbangin: Graffiti and Gangs in L. A.. (The University of Chicago Press, 1999). 9http://web.tc.Columbia.edu/monographs/uds107/preventing_location.html 10www.expage.com/page/cripinfo 11www.streetgangs.com/topics/2000/062300deathsen.html 12www.streetgangs.com/topics/2000/081400upturn.html

Formalism and Realism in the Movie Hero

Movie: Hero Director: Zhang Yimou Cast : Jet Li, Tony Leung Chiu Wai and Maggie Cheung Year of production: 2002 Country of production: China Language: Mandarin Film synopsis: The Qin King was obsessed with conquering all of China and becoming the first Emperor. He had been the target of assassins throughout the other states. Among them none inspired as much fear as the three legendary assassins, Broken Sword, Flying Snow and Sky. To anyone who defeated the three assassins, the King of Qin promised great power, mountains of gold and a private audience with the King himself. Following this Nameless came to the palace bearing the legendary weapons of the slain assassins, sitting in the palace, and told his extraordinary tale. Journal question: How does the colour cinematography of Hero (Zhang Yimou, 2002) contribute to formalism? â€Å"In art theory, formalism is the concept that a work’s artistic value is entirely determined by its form—the way it is made, its purely visual aspects, and its medium. Formalism emphasizes compositional elements such as color, line, shape and texture rather than realism, context, and content. . In Hero, Zhang Yimou combines cinematography with mise en scene to bring his own vision of the story, particularly with the use of certain colours. There are a total of five colours in this movie which choosed to express different versions or point of views ; black, white, red, blue, and green. Zhang Yimou uses the four colours, Red, Green, Blue and White, to tie in four different segments of the story. On the other han d, each of them also contains a different story The King of Qin’s palace is black, enlivened only by splashes of red. This forms the beginning and the end of the story and the overall feel of this sequence extends into the first fight between Nameless and Sky. The chosen colour metaphorically represents the battle between good and evil. Red dominates the first version of the story by Nameless in which he describes the calligraphy school, the attack by the Qin army, the stabbing of Broken Sword and the subsequent fight between Flying Snow and Moon. The color of red brings emotion, such as love, anger, passion nd romance. It portrays the tension between lovers and their passion for revenge to the King Qin. The costumes of the characters are in red, as well as the props. The red is a Kodak red as said by the film’s cinematographer. It's a much more saturated solid red. Blue becomes the colour for the second version of the story by the King himself. During the part of the story telled by the King, it evolved some fighting sequence in a lake. Since the colour of water is blue, so this section of story surrounded by blue colour with costumes and props and also location as well as the lake. Blue also represents peace, calmness and detachment. The colour suits the King as he shows peace in discovering Nameless true plan, which is to kill the King. The story version of the king surrounded with blue colour as well. Green is the colour for the story that Nameless doesn’t necessarily know since it covers the first meeting of Broken Sword and Flying Snow and also the failed assassination attempt. Since green colour known for memories and knowledge, it used to portray the flashback scene which evolve broken sword and flying snow. Broken Sword believes that the King of Qin has the power to unite these kingdoms for the greater good of the future. White is the final colour, dominating the deaths of Flying Snow and Broken Sword and alternating with the black sequences back in the palace. this scene is achieved through mise en scene, cinematography and post-production. The characters wear white and the props are in white colour. The lighting is over exposed to highlight the white colour . The scene reflects truth of the characters’ intentions. Reading synopsis: The Language of Film Mise en scene, cinematography, editing and sound can be combined to form a language that is used to tell stories and express meanings. Reference: Abrams, Bell and Udris (2001) â€Å"The Language of Film†, Studying Film, London: Arnold, 92-116. Emily Gems: Joyful Crystals ; Gemstones Retrieved 15th August, 2011, from http://crystal-cure. com/black. html